Why was Nicholas II the last Tsar of Russia? There are several reasons why Tsar Nicholas II was the last Tsar of Russia. Nicolas II, alongside his family, were assassinated by Russian revolutionaries on the 17th of July 1918. There are a list of contributing factors which brought down the Russian royal family. Two main reasons the Russian royal family fell was Russia's involvement in World War One and the weakness in leadership of Nicholas. These were the main reasons, but there were many more. Widespread poverty in Russia, the treatment of workers and the events ofBloody Sunday in 1905 paved the way for the revolution in 1917. The Russian revolution in 1917 brought Tsar Nicholas II down, along with his family. Resulting in the end of the Russian royal family. Who was Tsar in Russia? The Tsar of Russia was a royal ruler of Russia, equivalent to that of a King in the UK. When was there a revolution in Russia? There were actually two revolutions in Russia during the early 20th century. The second one brought down the Romanov Dynasty, who were the Russian royal family. The first one centred around the event of Bloody Sunday, in 1905. The first Russian revolution in 1905 contributed and led up to the events of the Russian revolutions in 1917. It was this revolution, the revolution in 1917 which brought down the Russian royal family. Making the Romanov Dynasty the last Russian royal family. And therefore, making Tsar Nicholas II the last monarch of Russia to this day. Why did the Russian revolutions happen? The Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917, did not just happen for one reason. The Russian revolutions happened for several reasons. The 1905 Russian revolution began on the 22nd of January 1905. The 1905 Russian revolution began over the events of Bloody Sunday. Not to be confused with the event of Bloody Sunday in Northern Ireland. The Bloody Sunday we are talking about is different. The Bloody Sunday event began through unarmed protesters, led by Father Gapon, protesting against the Tsar. The protesters were marching towards Winter Palace, which was the Tsars official residence like Buckingham Palace is the British monarch's official residence. Father Gapon with the protestors were marching to Winter Palace to give Tsar Nicholas a petition. His petition to the Tsar was about the suffering of workers and their demands. As the protesters, along with Father Gapon marched towards Winter Palace, in St Petersburg, Tsarists troops opened fire on the protesters. It occurred early that day, in the morning, around 10-11AM. There were many civilian casualties as a result of the troops shooting on the protesters. Sources conflict between official government records and anti-government groups as to how many people were injured, and how many people were killed. Taking both sources into consideration, somewhere between around one hundred people were killed and 4,000 people. By this point, the Tsarist authority was already unpopular. Even though the decision to shoot the protesters was not given the go-ahead by Tsar Nicholas II and neither was he in Winter Palace at the time of the shooting. The reaction to the events towards the Tsar was negative. Both internationally, and at home for the Tsar. Internationally the Tsar was condemned by the United States and the UK media. At home in Russia, he was also condemned. The events are largely seen as inflaming the Revolution of 1905. It was not the only factor which contributed to the revolution of 1905. Other things built up to this point. Such as the unpopularity of Russia going to war with Japan. What became known as the Russo-Japanese War. But also, workers rights or lack of rights and poverty also played a contributing factor to the revolution. What was the outcome of 1905? You may be wondering why the Tsar was never toppled in 1905 like he was in 1917. The Tsar and the Russian monarchy were not toppled on this occasion because the Tsar gave away concessions to appease the protesters. Basically he started introducing democracy. Or, elements of democracy, would probably be a better description of it. Tsar Nicholas II had no real other option than trying to yield a knee. In other words, Tsar Nicholas II had no real other option than to give away some power. Or at least, create the illusion that he was giving away some powers when he was not. Either way, things for Tsar Nicholas II at this point seemed a bit hopeless. In hindsight, it seems that his reaction to the Russian Revolution, such as the creation of the Duma (Russian parliament) and the October Manifesto, seemed only to buy Nicholas time. In retrospect, it does not seem that Nicholas could have won. By giving away power, he began the slow death of his reign. The revolution of 1917 There were several contributing factors as to why there was a revolution in Russia in 1917. There was no one cause which resulted in the monarchy's downfall. But a collection of causes which resulted in the death of the Russian monarch. One main reason was the weakness of Tsar Nicholas II himself. Nicholas was a weak leader. Whether he was just naive, or weak due to his lack of interest in the role as Tsar, is up for debate. His weakness is probably a result of both of those things; being naive and having no interest in the role as Tsar. Nicholas never seemed to have wanted the role of being Tsar of Russia. When his father, Alexander III was ill and died, Nicholas said 'What will happen to me and all of Russia.'' It is clear from this that he was not prepared to take on the role as the leader of Russia. He wasn't confident in doing so. While Tsar, Nicholas didn't take much of an interest in political life. Or an interest in the social issues of Russia at the time; such as the deep mass poverty that affected Russia. Another big factor in the Tsars demise was World War One. Or more specifically, Russia's involvement in World War One. Russia was not ready or prepared for World War One. The weakness in Russia's army, compared to the strength of Germany's army at the time, resulted in mass casualties for Russia. This graph shows the loses of life in World War One from each country: Russia suffered heavily from World War One. It had the most casualties of World War One, leaving over 3 million Russian's dead. The Russian causalities likely resulted in the Russian unpopularity of World War One. The Tsar's continued support for World War One made him unpopular at home. It was at this time that Lenin, one of the most prominent Russian revolutionaries, began voicing his opposition to the Tsar's war effort. Perhaps Lenin was just being opportunistic, in taking advantage of the situation. Before this, Lenin had a long history of revolutionary sympathies. It was noted from his days at university while studying law that he was sympathetic to revolutionary ideas and causes. Lenin returned home to Russia in 1917, after years of being in exile. However, the Tsarist regime had already been overthrown by Russia's provisional government. Lenin turned his attention to overthrowing the provisional government. And later, executing the Russian royal family, including Nicholas II. Nicholas II coronation took place on the 26th of May 1896.
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